Robert Frosts Directive Essay example -- Robert Frost Directive Essay

Robert Frost's "Directive" The speaker of "Directive" is the Robert Frost we know well. He gives us a scene that he has looked at in a way no one else does and seen things that no one else sees. The ghost town "made simple by the loss of detail" (2-3) is dazzlingly rich. If, as Frost habitually does, we were to conjure up a fully-fleshed intent behind this simple condition, perhaps we would guess that a scene of scraped land and "forty cellar holes" is more than enough grist for Frost's mill, and anything else would call for poetic fireworks that would overshadow his theme. This poem is an insightful allegory on the Grail symbol, made strange by Frost's characteristic subversive and introverted nature. Frost offers to be our guide, but warns us that he is a guide "who only has at heart your getting lost"(9). It is as direct an admission as you could ask for, although he usually offers others nearly as unmistakable. For example, in "The Wood-Pile," after announcing that he is "so foolish as to think he knew what" a small bird thinks, he goes on to guess at both the bird's moti... Robert Frost's Directive Essay example -- Robert Frost Directive Essay Robert Frost's "Directive" The speaker of "Directive" is the Robert Frost we know well. He gives us a scene that he has looked at in a way no one else does and seen things that no one else sees. The ghost town "made simple by the loss of detail" (2-3) is dazzlingly rich. If, as Frost habitually does, we were to conjure up a fully-fleshed intent behind this simple condition, perhaps we would guess that a scene of scraped land and "forty cellar holes" is more than enough grist for Frost's mill, and anything else would call for poetic fireworks that would overshadow his theme. This poem is an insightful allegory on the Grail symbol, made strange by Frost's characteristic subversive and introverted nature. Frost offers to be our guide, but warns us that he is a guide "who only has at heart your getting lost"(9). It is as direct an admission as you could ask for, although he usually offers others nearly as unmistakable. For example, in "The Wood-Pile," after announcing that he is "so foolish as to think he knew what" a small bird thinks, he goes on to guess at both the bird's moti...

Adaptive effectiveness Essay

The business environment is dynamic and changes constantly thus making it complex. As a result, our understanding of the environment and ability to predict its response to management actions becomes limited. In conjunction with the changing social values, a knowledge gap emerges which results in ambiguity regarding the most appropriate way to manage an organization. Despite the ambiguity, managers have to make decisions and implement organizational plans. An adaptive model of management therefore comes into perspective in providing a proper way for managers to proceed sensibly with their decisions and plans in the face of uncertainties (Nyberg, 1999). An adaptive model of management can be valuable to organizations in testing, refining and improving their policies and objectives. Despite the fact that development and implementation of organizational policies and objectives is based on the best available information and expertise, the organization is required to implement numerous new and experimental strategies. See more:  Masters of Satire: John Dryden and Jonathan Swift Essay In such situations, the organization is faced with questions regarding how best to implement the strategies such that they are aligned with its objectives and the best actions for the implementation (Nyberg, 1999). In addressing such questions effectively, an adaptive model offers the most appropriate approach. An adaptive model of management entails â€Å"integration of design, management, and monitoring to systematically test assumptions in order to adapt and learn† (Salafsky, Margoluis & Redford, 2001). A comprehensive research is incorporated into conservation action to ensure the model is effective and produces best results. Moreover, the model seeks to use management intercession as a tool to examine the functioning of the ecosystem through testing of its key hypothesis (Resilience Alliance, 2010). Uncertainties are first identified and methodologies for testing their hypotheses are established. In addition to management being utilized as a tool for changing the system, it is also used as a tool for learning about the system. This paper seeks to explore the Model of Accessing Adaptive Effectiveness in organizations and its role in the realization of organizational success. The appreciative inquiry approach, a technique that supplements the adaptive model, will be examined as a result of its influence on organizational changes. Moreover, in probing the adaptive model, business impact assessment is crucial in evaluating the changes realized and their effects on the organization’s position. This paper will therefore examine the features of this model and its impact on organizational changes.

Girls Child Education in India - 3819 Words

Girls education in India The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character - that is the goal of true education. Martin Luther King, Jr. From the advent of the human species, with or without schools, one keeps on taking education in some or the other way. It is one the basic necessities to be educated for human, as world out there is full of competition, where one needs certain amount of skills to survive and be a threat to others. Education gives an insight to the person to differentiate between good and bad. Webster defines education as the process of educating or teaching (now thats really useful, isnt it?) Educate is further defined as to develop the†¦show more content†¦By educating girl child we set in a process of empowering women, who will be able not only to defend their rights and live with dignity but also to contribute to the development of entire society. Here the questions arise as to why a girl child is discriminated against and deprived? The root cause of this practice lies in various socio-cultural, economic and religious factors, which make us ignore the rights of girl child and our du ty towards them with open eyes. There are various reasons why in India people prefer sons over daughters, and due to those reasons sons are given better lifestyle or treated in better manner then daughters. The three major factors that contribute to the preferences are: First, The continued belief is the economic utility of sons as family labor, wage earners as well as support for parents during old age. Dowry also serves as an economic incentive to have sons just as it serves as a disincentive to have daughters. Second, Socio-cultural factors like patrilineal descent and inheritance as well as other aspects of kinship building serve to create conditions that sustain female disadvantage and inequality. Third, Within religion sons have been accorded the unique privilege of performing various rites and rituals, including the last rites for deceased parents. All these factors create a higher premium on having sons. The girl child in India is discriminated socially, psychologically, economically and in violation of laws. She isShow MoreRelatedSave the Girl Child1473 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Save the Girl Child† It is said that god created mothers because he could not be present everywhere. It is unbelieveable to realize that a gods representative is countinuously killing someone beautiful even before she can come out and see the beauty of nature. Let us consider some facts - In india , she is the goddesses to be revered , in the form of Laxmi ( Goddess of wealth ) , Saraswati ( Goddess of knowledge ) and Sita ( ideal consort of Lord Sri Ram ) and even in the form of Durga ( KillerRead MoreDiscrimination of Girls1678 Words   |  7 Pagesfemale child in society, what her human rights are as a human being and a number of sensitive issues.This issue is important because there is nearly universal consensus on the need for gender equality.[1] Gender based discrimination against female children is pervasive across the world. It is seen in all the strata of society and manifests in various forms.[2] As per the literature, female child has been treated inferior to male child and this is deeply engraved in the mind of the female child. SomeRead MoreChild Labor Is Not An Effective Way For India1533 Words   |  7 Pagesreceive our goods. All around the world, child labor is one of the most widely social issues affecting the younger population, specifically, in I ndia. For the children of India, work becomes a nightmare based on suffering and mistreatment. While children have no choice but to be independent and forced to work, it can be a big influence on the child’s education, life, health, and development. Where child labor is deeply rooted from tradition, the causes of child labor are difficult and complex beliefsRead MoreChild Marriage Should Be Legal952 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience. A child should not have to choose between their childhood and their parent or a religion. Both girls and boys are affected by child marriage, but girls are affected in much larger numbers and with greater intensity. Child marriage is seen across the country but it is far higher in rural than in urban areas. Girls from poorer families, castes and tribes, and with lower education levels are more likely to marry at a younger age. Child marriage has been a popular situation in India, which leadsRead MoreDefinition Of Rule Of Law1044 Words   |  5 Pages2012). Education is something that every child in the world should have the right to, although in some countries, children do not have that right. Countries not being granted education is an example how rule of law does not come into play. In Pakistan, young girls do not have the right to an education. Malala Yousafzai, a woman from Pakistan was shot because she has been â€Å"advocating across the world for girls’ education rights† (Raphel, 2015). Malala shares and expresses her love for â€Å"education withRead MoreChild Marriage Should Be Legal989 Words   |  4 Pagesof these girls in India, being married before the age of eighteen has become and reality for these girls. Marriage should be an happy, joyful, and an enjoyable celebration of love for two people who are in love, but for most girls in India and other country this has become and nightmare that they can t wake up from. For these young girls they are forced into getting married before they even hit puberty. A child should be able to finish school and become and independent person, but in India that isRead MoreDiscrimination At Birth And Infant And Child Mortality Rates1265 Words   |  6 Pagesratios at birth and infant and child mortalit y rates indicate that extreme forms of daughter discrimination resulting in death have persisted (Miller 1981: Coale and Bannister 1994)† (Sekher, Hatti). This discrimination is acted through many forms during early life. Discrimination can be represented by choice infanticide and/or sex-based abortion. Within developing India there is a low desirability for female children, this can be identified by considering the decline in child sex ratio in both urban andRead MoreGender And Gender Equality866 Words   |  4 Pagesrelation to men. This inconsistency remains a monumental barrier to human development. Females are discriminated against in many facets of life. For instance, it can be found within the fields of health, politics, business, and education. Gender Equality with Child Marriage Child marriages, defined as a formal marriage or informal union before age 18, are an incessant problem in countless countries around the world. More often than not, the root cause of this issue is gender inequality. A popular beliefRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Marriage1305 Words   |  6 PagesChild marriage is one of the most severe violations of human rights that needs attention in India, â€Å"where 46 percent of children are married formally or in informal union before they are 18.† While child marriages affect both genders, girls are affected a lot more since they are a bulk of the victims. They are more likely to be involved in child marriages than boys as 30 percent of girls between 15-19 are currently â€Å"married†, while only 5 percent of boys between 15-19 are â€Å"married†. So why do childRead MoreThe New Delhi School System1256 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world, a long standing one that has gone on is in New Delhi, India where they have struggled with the right to education in their public schools. On April 1, 2010 the act for the right of children to free and compulsory education was passed in New Delhi, India. The law promised free and compulsory education to all children between the age groups of six and fourteen years old. A study on the implementation of the Right to Education Act in Delhi three years of its existence, has shown overwhelming

Teen Pregnancy Essay - 2181 Words

Pregnancies are a wonderful thing. Just imagine being able to create another human being and bringing it into the world. Although this may be what the majority of mothers think, teen moms may have a different perspective. They might have been forced into pregnancy and the child may be a reoccurring thought of what happened to her. Chances are the teen will love her baby in the long run, but in the beginning the teen most likely had different views. Teen pregnancy is a worldwide problem that needs to be educated properly. The reason why most teen pregnancies occur because teens aren’t educated enough. Granted they might become curious or they don’t care, but they at least need to be properly educated on the matter and know exactly what they†¦show more content†¦Generally when a teen has a baby, society tends to make her seem like a monster, and that whatever happened to cause this. She gets shunned and pushed into a dark place where she may not be capable to pro vide the best care for herself or her baby. The duo may be ignored by their family and friends, causing them to feel very isolated and alone, which could potentially lead to things such as insanity, other mental health issues, or the worst case possible, death. Unfortunately, if the teen gets to the point where she feels like there’s no other option, she will most likely turn to drugs and alcohol, making her situation even worse for herself and those around her. If drugs or alcohol were involved before the teen knew she became pregnant, medical complications to her or the baby are very likely. The teen has to stop drinking, or doing any type of drugs immediately if she wants to keep her and her baby safe. If the mother gets hurt in anyway while she is pregnant, she can potentially hurt and/or kill her baby. Birth deformities are common in mothers who choose to not have a healthy lifestyle. Teen moms are more likely to have their babies born early, have miscarriages, and underweight babies. This will lead to the need of more medical attention, which leads to more money. If the teen mother does not have any help from parents, family, or friends, she will most likely not be able to pay for it and could cause harmful things to occur to h erShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesTeen Pregnancy Nearly thirteen percent of all births in the United States were teenage girls from the ages fifteen to nineteen. Almost one million teenagers become pregnant each year and about 485,00 give birth. In many situations the answer to keeping a relationship going is to have a good sex life. Most teen relationships are based on sex. This is one of the main reasons why teenage birth rates are so high. I am a good person to make a case for this topic because I have witnessed from a familyRead MoreEssay on Teen Pregnancy1041 Words   |  5 PagesIt has been said that teens across the world have not been receiving enough sex education. This has led to many issues with teens becoming pregnant, which most of the time is unanticipated. Teenage pregnancy has been a social problem throughout the world for a number of decades now. Many studies have been completed in several countries that pertain to the amount of teens and the types of teens who are becoming pregnant. Rates among teens had bee n declining for some time, but are starting to takeRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is teen pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy, also known as adolescent pregnancy, is pregnancy in females under the age of 20. A female can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate, which can be before her first menstrual period but usually occurs after the onset of her periods. There are many reasons why teens end up pregnant at such a young age. These reasons consist of family related problems, the lack of being taught about safe sex in school and by parents at homeRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pageswhat is going to help reduce the alarmingly high rate of teen pregnancies has not ceased. Many argue over whether abstinence-only should be taught in high school and if it is the key to reducing the high teen pregnancy rate. From my standpoint, I believe that it should be taught. However, it should be accompanied by the teachings of birth control along with other contraceptives and how to use them. The fact of the matter is that teen pregnancies continue to be a prevalent problem and teaching abstinenceRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay915 Words   |  4 PagesTeen Pregnancy Over the past two decades, the rates of teen pregnancy have grown dramatically. According to the Prevention of Teen Pregnancy, approximately every thirty-one seconds ateenager becomes pregnant in the United States. This is unbelievable, however that is the truth that no one can deny. Many people think that teen pregnancy dont effect them unless they get pregnant or one of the family members in teenage get pregnant. However teen pregnancy really affects our communities and countryRead More Teen Pregnancy Essay643 Words   |  3 Pagesdifficulties that come with an unplanned pregnancy in teens can have a profound effect on their life. Their physical, social, mental, and emotional health will all be affected by a sudden change in the course of their life. Teens impacted with an unplanned pregnancy will have to give up many things in order to be a parent. In addition, they will have to take on many more responsibilities that accompany pregnancy and parenthood. All in all, having an unplanned pregnancy and becoming a parent introduceRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pages(Hamilton, B.E.). That’s nearly 750,000 teen pregnancies every year. According to, â€Å"11 facts about teen pregnancy† less than 2% of teen moms earn a college degree by age 30 (Par. 2 5). There are many reasons for this and the best way to help limit teen pregnancy would be to require parents to attend teen pregnancy prevention meetings held by schools. One of the many problems is that most teens are not well informed about the troubles of being a teen parent. They don’t understand how it willRead MoreEssay On Teen Pregnancy1590 Words   |  7 PagesTeen Pregnancy Task 1 Teenage pregnancy has been around for thousands of years, and in the past was in fact an ideal among societies of past times, such as the Ancient Greeks, the Medieval Era, and even as late as the 20th century. Teenage women were thought to be at the prime age for baring children, and often as soon as they were married, fell pregnant. However, in this era, women have more opportunities to go further and reach higher in life, they have the chance to be successful, and to rivalRead More Teen Pregnancy Essay710 Words   |  3 PagesPrevent Teen Pregnancy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; After reading Martha Balash’s article, Schools Can Help to Prevent Teen Pregnancy. Balash has put time and effort into this proposal on stopping Teen Pregnancy. I think Balash’s introduction is very effective because she goes straight to the facts. She doesn’t try to mislead you with any false facts. She goes straight to the point and the point is to prevent teen pregnancy. Balash tells that schools has more influence over teen pregnancy than whatRead MoreEssay Teen Pregnancy1403 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a lot of teen mothers growing up in this world wondering, what if I would have stayed in school? W hat could I have become? Would it have made my life easier if I had thought first? There is many causes for teen pregnancy. They lead to the need for the desire of love by another person. One might have a poor home life and would want something like their peers have. A teen may have a low self-esteem and simply be looking for acceptance. However, many teens that have a wonderful

Hsün Tzu and Jean-Paul Sartre Comparison of two Philosophers

Fraud, murder, courage, and strong will are all words that can be linked to humanity. These words will often raise questions like, who did it, how they did it, or why. Can it be that the true answer to these questions lies in getting a better understanding of our human nature? Does man act according to his divine plan, or is he taught how to act? In analyzing the works of Hsà ¼n Tzu and Jean-Paul Sartre, I will determine which of these two philosophers offers the strongest foundation for living an ethical life in the modern era. HSÃÅ"N TZU Hsà ¼n Tzu is one of the main founders of eastern philosophy and is considered one of the three great sages in China along with Mencius and Confucious. Tzu’s style of writing is poetic and easy to†¦show more content†¦Tzu argues that the sages created laws to correct man’s evil nature like those previously mentioned, and therefore the sages are valued and needed. According to Tzu man does not suffer any kind of anguish or pain from doing evil acts, in doing them they just fulfill their needs and feel pleasure. On the other hand, Sartre believes that man, â€Å"always chooses the good, and nothing can be good for us without being good for all† (145) otherwise, man suffers â€Å"anguish from direct responsibility to the other men to whom it involves† (146) choosing the opposite is like choosing evil. Therefore, man teaches himself to do good because his choices are equal to those choices acceptable for all mankind. I agree with Tzu, that people who have not learned the value of caring for others first without receiving any prize in return for their good actions could not feel any remorse in being selfish since that is all that they know. Like Neanderthals, it takes many years to evolve and many more years for learning to happen so that man may be able to act civilized. However, once one has learned to do good it depends on every man to continue to practice the teachings he has acquired and also to keep learning more than necessary to grow. Comparisons that they make using the word Artisan are also employed differently. Tzu uses the example of the potter and his clay, which the artisan turns to a vessel. Tzu states that, â€Å"the vessel then, is the

Commentary and case on the law of business - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Commentary and case on the law of business. Answer: Who is a director The person who has the responsibility of managing the business affairs of the company is known as a director. The term director is defined by Section 9 of the Corporation Act 2001 (cth). According to Section 9 a person can also be a director of a company if he or she has not been elected in a valid way as a director. Any person who performs a duty which is reasonably expected to be performed by director in relation to the governance structure and operation of the organisation is also deemed to be a director of the company. The Australian Corporation law through the CA sets out duties of directors which are owed to the organisation. In addition to the statutory duties of directors under this legislation the directors of an organisation are also bound by equitable duties of directors under common law (Tricker, 2015). Duty of Care and Diligence There are several provisions which deal with directors duties as set out by the CA. Section 180 of the legislation imposes and obligation on the directors and other officers of a company registered in Australia to discharge their duties by observing utmost care, skill and diligence. The business judgment rule as provided by common law is also contained in this provision. The Section clearly sets out a test through which it is analyzed whether the directors have been able to successfully comply with the duties imposed on them or not. That test functions in the same way as the objective test under common law. Through the application of this test the court analyses weather the act or decision taken by the directors of the organisation would have been taken by a reasonable director placed under same situation. Where the court come to the conclusion that any reasonable director would have taken the same decision as it has been taken by the original directors it is deemed by the court that the directors have complied with the duty under Section 180. On the other hand if a reasonable director would not have taken such decision the directors of the company are found to be in violation of the principles provided under Section 180. In the case of ASIC v Cassimatis (No 8) [2016] FCA 1023 the defendants were the sole directors and shareholders of the company. They had design the financial advice model which involved giving advice to those who are nearing retirement or having financial difficulties. Due to the advice provided by the company these people had loaned their houses and had suffered severe losses. It was found by the court in this case that the directors of the company under Section 180 of that our duty to the company only and not to its shareholders. However the duty is of such a nature which also involve the reputation of the company and not only financial losses. As a wrongful advice model led to the fall in reputation of the company in the eyes of the public the directors was found to violate Section 180 of the act. Duty to act in Best Interest Under Section 181 of the legislation the directors have been improved with the responsibility of discharging their functions towards the company in good faith, for a proper purpose and for the best interest of the company. The duties provided under Section 181 is the same which has been provided by the equitable duty relating to achieving the best interest of the organisation by the director. Duty to avoid conflict of interest Section 182 on the other hand reciprocates the duty to avoid conflict of interest by directors of the company. Under this Section the directors a forbidden from misusing the position which has been provided to them within the company in a way so as to cause loss to the company in order to pursue personal gain. Under his duty whenever a situation arises in which the directors have to choose from their own interest and the overall interest of the company they have the duty to always give priority to the interest of the organisation. The directors have a fiduciary duty towards the organisation they work. This means that they have a duty to protect the interest of all shareholders and as they have been provided with the power to manage the company and to conduct it's affairs they cannot use such powers in such a way as to cause determine to the shareholders in order to make personal interest. In the same where Section 182 Section 183 of the legislation for with the directors of the company from misusing any information which they have collected from the organization in such a way as to call detriment to the organization overall or its shareholders so as to Trigger personal gain or game for any third party who they are directly or indirectly related. Criminal Liability All the above mentioned duties have a civil liability provision however under Section 184 of the legislation the directors of a company can be held criminally liable under Section 6.1 of the criminal court if they are found to intentionally and recklessly violet the duties provided under Section 180- 183. Duty to disclose Under Section 191 of that the directors have a duty to ensure that get this close all information with reasonable director would have disclosed in relation to personal interest in a particular transaction of the company to the board. Insolvent Trading In order to prevent the directors from the defrauding the creditors and investors of an organization the legislation through Section 588G prohibits the directors of the company to undertake insolvent trading. Insolvent trading refers to the act when the directors know or have reasons to believe that the company is already bankrupt or is likely to become bankrupt because of a particular transaction. Apart from these duties the directors have a duty to make timely and accurate disclosures in relation to the companies account and do not violate the rights of the shareholders. The shareholders have also been provided the right to claim any operative remedy under Section 233 of the legislation. Evolution of Directors duties in Australia The statutory directors duties in Australia have evolved from the directors duty of care towards the company. The directors are provided all the powers to run the operations of the company where they are not the owners. The company is actually owned by shareholders however as there are many shareholder in a company it is not possible for all of them to have a say in the management of the company (Allen Kraakman, 2016). Thus the directors are appointed by the shareholders for the purpose of successfully managing the company. In such a situation of fiduciary Duty arises in relation to the directors to manage the company in order to protect and place of the creditors and the shareholders as a company cannot function on its own. The directors duties have been provided with various defenses such as the business judgment rule and defense under Section 588H of the act in order to ensure that the directors are properly able to manage the affairs of the company without imposing additional bu rden on them with respect to the duties (Knepper et al., 2016). Directors of Public and Private Company The duties which are owned by the directors of a public company are much more as compared to those which are owed by the directors of a private company. This is because a public company is allowed to raise fund through the public and there is a much greater risk that the directors of a public company can be brought the creditors and investors of the company. The number of shareholders in a public company is much more as compared to that of a private company. The directors of a private company do not have strict financial reporting obligations as compared to those of a public company. The directors of a public company are subjected to a two strike rule in relation to their remuneration. If the shareholders find the remuneration structure of the directors to be unreasonable they can make first strike where the directors have to propose a new structure. However if the new structure is not accepted by the shareholders then they can call a second strike through which the whole board of th e organization would be subjected to re-election (Coffee, Sale and Henderson, 2015). Consequences and remedies for breach of directors duties When the directors of the organisation violet the duty which has been imposed to them a civil or criminal penalty provision can be triggered. Under Section 1317E of the legislation the directors prosecuted for civil penalty provisions. The Civil penalty provisions for directors may include fines and penalties along with suspension from managing the affairs of a company up to 5 years under Section 206C of the legislation. In relation to the breach of the duty to act in good faith the directors can be imposed with an imprisonment of five years and a penalty of up to 2000 unit is which accounts to A$360000. Other penalties which may be imposed on the directors of the company includes personal fines up to A$200000, disqualification to act as directors, derivate action by shareholders, legal claim for damages and compensation orders. Under the criminal code in relation to bribery a director can be imposed with a fine of A$1.8 Million and imprisonment which may extend to ten years. In case of fraud the directors may be subjected to prosecution by the Australian Investment and Securities Commission, civil penalties which may extend to $200000 and imprisonment of up to five years. The liabilities of the directors can be provided relief by the court under the provisions of Section 1317s of the CA. In Australian Securities and Investments Commission [ASIC] v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332 both the defendant and the plaintiff agreed that director had violated Section 180 of the Corporation Act by not deploying due care and diligence towards the affair of the organisation. The ASIC imposed a penalty on the directors according to which he was to be suspended for managing the affairs of the company for 2 years and pay a financial penalty of $100,000. However the court provided that for the establishment of such penalties it has to be proved before the court that the directors have violated Section 180 of the legislation. During the trial it was established before the food that the director have actually violated Section 180 of the legislation and therefore the fines and suspension which was imposed by the ASIC was granted by the court. Future of directors duties in Australia With the enactment of the Australian investment and security Commission corporate frauds are being rapidly identified and directors who have any sort of fraudulent intentions are always kept under pressure that they are being watched. There have been several cases in relation to the duties of directors in relation to the organisation and most of which have been ruled by the court in favour of the ASIC such as ASIC v Maxwell Ors [2006] NSWSC 1052, Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Healey [2011] FCA 717 and Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Rich (2009) 236 FLR 1. The Australian approach towards the duties of directors is one of the best in the world and it's almost same as the approach which is taken by the United Kingdom. In order to ensure that functions of the company are governed properly in the future the implementation of such system has to be kept under continuous root any by the government. Although the governing body is doing a very good job in relation to identifying corporate frauds it must not let down its Momentum in relation to its duties so that it can be insured that the directors duties would be properly complied with in future (Bruce, 2013). References Allen, W. T., Kraakman, R. (2016). Commentaries and cases on the law of business organization. Wolters Kluwer law business. ASIC such as ASIC v Maxwell Ors [2006] NSWSC 1052 ASIC v Cassimatis (No 8) [2016] FCA 1023 Australian Securities and Investments Commission [ASIC] v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Healey [2011] FCA 717 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Rich (2009) 236 FLR 1. Bruce, M. (2013). Rights and duties of directors. Bloomsbury Publishing. Coffee Jr, J.C., Sale, H. and Henderson, M.T., 2015. Securities regulation: Cases and materials. Knepper, W. E., Bailey, D. A., Bowman, K. B., Eblin, R. L., Lane, R. S. (2016). Duty of Loyalty (Vol. 1). Liability of Corporate Officers and Directors. Tricker, R. B., Tricker, R. I. (2015).Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA.

Why Ban Smoking in US Military Essay Example

Why Ban Smoking in US Military Essay In a commissioned study by the Pentagon and the Department of Veterans Affair (VA), a ban on smoking in US military was proposed which was said would change more likely the entire culture of the military (Fox News). If approved, it would end the profitable sales of tobacco around US military bases and make smoking illegal among uniformed soldiers, even in combats. New recruits to the service would need to be tobacco-free and treatment programs would be expanded once the proposal is enacted. The study proposed a five- to 10- even 20- year period gradual phase out of the ban.The proponents of the ban argue that it is for the best. Smoking weakens the soldiers because can cause cancer and other cardiovascular diseases. This translates to poor performance during battles. The rationale behind the proposal is basically to protect people, both the smokers and the people who suffer the effects of second-hand smoking. How can the country rely on servicemen who are threatened of numerous disea ses such as cancer, emphysema and other heart problems? On the other hand, those who are opposing the ban claim that tobacco is a necessity to over come the lack of sleep and food during war. When soldiers smoke, they can forget other bodily needs which are impossible to get in the field anyway. However, this escapism does not solve the problem. For example, studies would show that soldiers who suffer from depression or post- traumatic stress disorder are more likely to smoke. Instead of seeking professional health from doctors, these soldiers seek diversion is smoking which does not solve the problem but create a new one.According to the study, the tobacco ban would relieve Pentagon of $846 million a year in medical care and lost productivity. For VA, the ban means doing away with the $6 billion in treatments for illness cause by smoking. Service members were found out to be heavy smokers ? soldiers are around 37 percent and marines 36 percent. Compared to the ratio of adult Americ an smokers to non-smokers of 1:5, one in three men in service is smoking. Fifty percent of soldiers who experienced combat were more likely to use tobacco than those who did not.In the US, the history of smoking ban started in 1975 in the state of Minnesota when the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act was passed (Hung, et. al., 2005). At first, only restaurants have sections where smoking was prohibited. Eventually, through the Freedom to Breathe Act of 2007, all restaurants and bars statewide were banned. This was followed in 1990 by San Luis Obispo, California, the first city in the world to ban smoking from all public places. Inspired by California’s commitment, New York started implementing band in 2008.Critics of the smoking bans maintain that it is an encroachment of personal rights. Everyone is thinking about the right of everybody except the right of the smokers. This argument is based on John Stuart Mill’s â€Å"harm principle,† stating that the damage of se condhand smoking does not warrant government intervention. Other economists argue that smoke ban is not necessarily the best solution. Smokers can always compensate nonsmokers without government intrusion. Legal issues have arisen because of such ban, mostly from affected businesses that loss profits without pay off (McGowan, 1995). However, in 2006, a review was conducted in US and established that smoking bans were unlikely to have bad effects in business establishments. In fact, many bars and restaurants have experienced a boost in business after they became smoke free.The tobacco ban is just logical in places such as the military bases and their other facilities with explosive hazards. This would promote safety, reduce liability and lower energy use when ventilation needs go down. Cleanliness of the air and the surroundings due to reduced quantity of litter should give the servicemen the incentive to quit smoking. These people’s primary occupation is to assure the citizen s’ safety from threat and they should play an important role in promoting public health. They are idolized by many and should set an example of making a move towards a healthy lifestyle and not adhering to a culture where smoking becomes an everyday part of existence.Soldiers who smoke are more likely to drop out before they finish their enlisted commitments because of poor health. While in service, they suffer from poor eye sight, fail fitness test, as well as being absent from work frequently. Soldiers who are into smoking are said to bleed harder after surgery, to recover slowly and to be easily infected. If they survive the combats, they still have to face the consequences of being nicotine addicts when they get back home.Secondhand smoke imposes the same problem as much as direct smoking does (Chapman, 2007). So imagine a single soldier who smokes and pollutes the entire barrack. Studies show that a nonsmoker who lives with a smoker has a 20 to 30 percent greater risk of lung cancer than nonsmoker who lives with another nonsmoker. In a workplace, a nonsmoker exposed from secondhand smoke is 16 to 19 percent more likely to have lung cancer. This is the case because nonsmokers are exposed to the same amount of carcinogen as confirmed by International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization, US National Cancer Institute, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. National Institutes of Health and Surgeon General of the United States.Smokers do not only harm their self but also the environment. There is no dispute that smoking pollutes the air. There are around 4,000 hazardous substance in cigarettes which human beings inhale and exhale in the atmosphere (Phalen, 2002). An entire squad of soldiers doing exactly the same thing indicates an enourmous quantity of pollution. Smoking also causes water and land pollution due to million of cigarette butts left on the ground and end up in lakes and rivers. Water animals mistak en these cigarette butts for food are being poisoned and killed. Cigarette butts seem so insignificant but it can do a lot of damage during the 25 years of its decomposition. While decomposing, its hazardous elements leak to the soil, harming the plants. They are also highly flamable which can cause major fires.To sum up, arguments supporting the smoking ban in US military outweigh the criticism. When the ban is officially enacted, it will improve the health of the servicemen, cut the cost for health services and ultimately, save lives.Works CitedChapman, Simon. Public Health Advocacy and Tobacco Control: Making Smoking History. MA: Blackwell Publishing, Inc, 2007.â€Å"Smoking Ban May Strike Military.† 11 July 2009.   Fox News. 16 July 2009   http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/07/11/smoking-ban-strike-military/Hung, Yung-Tse, Norman Pereira and Lawrence Wang. Advance Air and Noise Pollution Control. NJ: Humana Press, Inc., 2005.McGowan, Richard. Business, Politics and Cigarettes: Multiple Levels, Multiple Agendas. CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1995.Phalen, Robert. The Particulate Air Pollution Controversy: A Case Study and Lessons Learned. Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.